ABSTRACT
The addressee of a ‘Verwaltungsakt’ can defend himself by informal ‘Rechtsbehelfen’ (namely by a ‘Gegenvorstellung’ (counter-response), by an ‘Aufsichtsbeschwerde’ (complaint to the next higher ‘Behörde’) or even by a parliamentary petition1 or by formal ‘Rechtsmitteln’ (namely by ‘Widerspruch’ (objection)) and, usually thereafter, by proceedings before the ‘Verwaltungsgericht’ (VG: administrative court)).2
