ABSTRACT
Checklist You should have a general knowledge of how the European Court operates. In particular, you must be familiar with the following areas: • enforcement actions brought by the European Commission under Art 226,
including both the formal and informal stages of the procedure; • enforcement actions brought by Member States under Art 227; • the remedy available by Art 228 to actions under Arts 226 and 227; • the action for annulment under Art 230, especially the question of locus
standi and grounds for annulment; • the possible action under Art 232 and its relationship with Art 230; • the remedies provided for under Arts 230 and 232; and • the plea of illegality - Art 241.
