ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the therapeutic target ranges of commonly monitored drugs. Plasma concentrations must be measured regularly (every 1—3 months on stabilised regimens). Thyroid function must be checked regularly and adequate sodium and fluid intake maintained. Urea, electrolytes, creatinine and thyroid function tests should be measured annually unless indicated sooner. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is indistinguishable from mild dyskariosis. Colposcopy is necessary for all moderate and severe dyskariosis, but for mild dyskariosis a single repeat smear is usually required to confirm the diagnosis. The management of HPV infection is dependent on the degree of nuclear abnormality present. The risk of malignancy index combines three pre-surgical features: serum cancer antigen 125, menopausal status and ultrasound score. Microscopic haematuria or dipstick positive haematuria may be symptomatic (with symptoms such as voiding lower urinary tract symptoms: hesitancy, frequency, urgency, dysuria) or asymptomatic (often picked up at routine medical screening).
