ABSTRACT
Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be grouped into stand-alone systems and gridconnected systems. In stand-alone systems the solar energy yield is matched to the energy demand. Since the solar energy yield often does not coincide in time with the energy demand from the connected loads, additional storage systems (batteries) are generally used. If the PV system is supported by an additional power source – for example, a wind or diesel generator – this is known as a photovoltaic hybrid system.
