ABSTRACT
The previous 14 chapters have provided the reader with a comprehensive overview of FLR. It should be clear that it is not an alternative approach to forest resource management, but rather has evolved from the theory and practice of sustainable forest management and the ecosystem approach. FLR recognizes that trade-offs are inevitable and stresses the need to balance these in a fair and equitable way. In so doing, FLR shifts the focus from elusive win–wins, where one attempts to maximize the delivery of several important goods and services, to the identification of opportunities for winning more and losing less. A consequence of this pragmatic approach is that management responses need to be locally negotiated and adaptive. Several chapters have been devoted to explaining what this means in practice, from the need to understand what drives change at the landscape level, through advice on how to involve different stakeholder groups and minimize the possibility of conflict, to taking into account how biophysical factors shape the on-the-ground options for restoring forest goods and services at a landscape level. A range of site-level options for delivering FLR has been outlined and some practical approaches have been suggested to help practitioners identify workable trade-offs and monitor whether the resultant configuration of land uses delivers the balance of goods and services that stakeholders desire.
