ABSTRACT

The majority of Asian cities are currently experiencing similar challenges in addressing urban air pollution and the exceedance of international air quality guidelines and standards (EU, 1999; 2000; 2002; USEPA, 1997; 2006; WHO, 2000; 2005). However, some advanced countries and cities (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore) have successfully developed AQM capabilities and have seen improvement in air quality.