ABSTRACT
Chapter 7 focuses on ways to increase accountability for the cost of damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services in order to curb further losses. Section 1 sets out key concepts that should underpin all policies, aligned with the polluter pays principle. Section 2 describes the role of environmental regulation and shows how economic information can be used to inform and target regulatory standards. Section 3 analyses compensation schemes to ensure no net loss or a net gain of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Section 4 discusses the scope and limitations of market-based instruments in delivering additional conservation gains and encouraging innovative approaches. Section 5 addresses the critical need to improve enforcement and international cooperation on environmental crime. Section 6 provides design indicators for a smart policy mix.
