ABSTRACT

This book is intended to help decision-makers use, assess and appraise the evidence that underpins decisions about the use of therapeutic interventions. It will inform decision-makers about the nature of evidence, the strengths and weaknesses of the available approaches, and how these can be most effectively distilled for the purpose of reaching re

part |2 pages

Section 1 Introduction

chapter 1|5 pages

1 The nature of evidence

chapter 1|7 pages

2 Probability

chapter 1|14 pages

5 Bias and confounding

chapter 1|15 pages

6 Systematic reviews

part |2 pages

Section 2 Randomized controlled trials

chapter 2|21 pages

1 General principles

chapter 2|7 pages

2 Stopping rules

chapter 2|5 pages

3 Analysis of subgroups

chapter 2|7 pages

4 Safety

chapter 2|8 pages

5 Generalizability

part |2 pages

Section 3 Observational studies

chapter 3|6 pages

1 General overview

chapter 3|8 pages

2 Historical controlled trials

chapter 3|7 pages

3 Concurrent cohort studies

chapter 3|8 pages

4 Case–control designs

chapter 3|6 pages

5 Databases

chapter 3|7 pages

6 Case reports

part |2 pages

Section 4 Qualitative research

chapter 4|6 pages

1 Approaches and methods

part |2 pages

Section 5 Economic evaluation

chapter 5|14 pages

1 General principles

chapter 5|3 pages

3 Cost–consequences analysis

part |2 pages

Section 6 Decision-making

chapter 6|7 pages

1 For individuals

chapter 6|13 pages

2 For populations