A Political and Economic Dictionary of Western Europe

Accession

Acquis communautaire

Action Committee for Democracy and Pension Rights

Agriculture

Ahern, Bertie

Air transport

Akademikernes Centralorganisation—see Danish Confederation of Professional Associations

Algemeeen Christelijk Vakverbond—see Federation of Christian Unions, Belgium

Alliance Party

Alogoskoufis, Georgios

Althingi

Althydusamband Íslands—see Icelandic Confederation of Labour

Anotati Diiskisis Enoseon Dimosion Ypallion—see Confederation of Public Servants, Greece

Assemblée Nationale

Assembléia da República

Associação Industrial Portuguesa—see Portuguese Industrial Association

Austrian Freedom Party

Austrian People's Party

Austrian Trade Union Federation

Balkenende, Jan Peter

Banca d'Italia

Banco de España

Banco de Portugal

Bandalag Starfsmanna Ríkis og Bæja—see Confederation of State and Municipal Employees, Iceland

Bank of Greece

Banque Centrale du Luxembourg

Banque de France

Banque Nationale de Belgique

Barroso, José Manuel Durão

Basque Country

Basque Nationalist Party

Basque Workers' Solidarity

Belgium

Berlin Wall

Berlusconi, Silvio

Blair, Tony

Bloco de Esquerda—see Left Bloc, Portugal

Brandt, Willy

Breton, Thierry

Brown, Gordon

Bundesbank

Bundesgericht—see Federal Court, Switzerland

Bundesrat (Germany)

Bundestag

Bundesverband der deutschen Industrie—see Confederation of German Industry

Camera dei Deputati

Canarian Coalition

Centerpartiet—see Centre Party, Sweden

Central Bank and Financial Services Authority of Ireland

Central Organization of Finnish Trade Unions

Centrale Générale des Syndicats Libéraux de Belgique—see General Central Organization of Liberal Trade Unions, Belgium

Centre Party (Norway)

Centre Party (Sweden)

Chambre des Députés

Channel Islands

Chirac, Jacques

Chrëstlech Sozial Vollekspartei—see Christian Social People's Party, Luxembourg

Christian Democratic Party

Christian Democratic Union

Christian Democrats (Finland)

Christian Democrats (Sweden)

Christian People's Party

Christian Social People's Party

Christian Social Union

Christian Union

Christlich-Demokratische Union—see Christian Democratic Union, Germany

Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio

Citizenship

Coalición Canaria—see Canarian Coalition, Spain

Coastal Party

Cohabitation

Cold War

Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)

Commonwealth

Communist Party of France

Communist Party of Greece

Communist Party of Portugal

Communist Refoundation Party

Confederação Geral dos Trabalhadores Portugueses-Intersindical Nacional—see General Confederation of Portuguese Workers Intersindical

Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail—see French Democratic Labour Confederation

Confederation of Danish Industries

Confederation of Finnish Industry

Confederation of German Employers' Associations

Confederation of German Industry

Confederation of Icelandic Employers

Confederation of Italian Industry

Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers

Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry

Confederation of Portuguese Industry

Confederation of Professional Employees

Confederation of Public Servants

Confederation of State and Municipal Employees

Confederation of Swedish Enterprise

Confederation of Swiss Employers

Confederation of Trade Unions

Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals

Confederation of Vocational Unions

Confederazione Generale dell'Industria Italiana—see Confederation of Italian Industry

Conseil Constitutionnel—see Constitutional Council, France

Conservative Party (Great Britain)

Conservative People's Party

Constitutional Council

Constitutional Court (Austria)

Constitutional Court (Italy)

Constitutional Court (Portugal)

Constitutional Court (Spain)

Convergence and Union

Convergence criteria

Convergència i Unió—see Convergence and Union, Spain

Corte Costituzionale—see Constitutional Court, Italy

Council of the European Union

Council of Ministers—see Council of the European Union

Cour d'Arbitrage/Arbitragehof—see Court of Arbitration, Belgium

Cowen, Brian

Cyprus

Dáil Éireann

Daisy Alliance

Danish Confederation of Professional Associations

Danish Confederation of Trade Unions

Danish Employers' Confederation

Danish People's Party

Danmarks Nationalbank

Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening—see Danish Employers' Confederation

Déi Gréng—see Green Party, Luxembourg

Democratic Unionist Party (DUP)

Democratici di Sinistra—see Democrats of the Left, Italy

Democrats of the Left

Denmark

Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund—see German Trade Union Federation

Dutch Trade Union Confederation

Ecologistes Confédérés pour l'Organisation de Luttes Originales—see Confederated Ecologists for the Organization of Original Struggles, Belgium

Economiesuisse—see Swiss Business Federation

Eerste Kamer

Eichel, Hans

Elinkeinoelämän Keskusliitto—see Confederation of Finnish Industry

Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya—see Republican Left of Catalonia, Spain

Euro area

Eurojust

European Central Bank (ECB)

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

European Commission

European Community (EC)

European Convention

European Council

European Court of Justice (ECJ)

European Currency Unit (ECU)

European Economic Area (EEA)

European Economic Community (EEC)

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

European Monetary Institute (EMI)

European Monetary System (EMS)

European Parliament (EP)

European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)

European Social Fund (ESF)

European System of Central Banks

European Trade Unions Confederation (ETUC)

European Union (EU)

Europeanization

Europol

Eurosclerosis

Eurosystem

Eurozone—see Euro area

Faroe Islands

Federal Constitutional Court

Federal Court

Federatie Nederlandse Vakbeweging—see Dutch Trade Union Confederation

Federation of Christian Unions

Federation of Enterprises

Federation of Greek Industries (FGI)

Federation of Icelandic Industries

Federation of Luxembourg Industry

Federation of Managerial and Professional Staff Unions

Fianna Fáil (FF)

Fine Gael (FG)

Finland

Finnish Confederation of Salaried Employees

Finnish Social Democratic Party

Fischer, Heinz

Fischer, Joschka

Flemish Christian Democrats

Flemish Liberal and Democrat Party

Folketing

Folkpartiet Liberalerna—see Liberal Party, Sweden

Fortuyn, Pim

Forza Italia

Foss, Per-Kristian

Framsóknarflokkurinn—see Progressive Party, Iceland

Free Democratic Party

Freie Demokratische Partei—see Free Democratic Party, Germany

French Democratic Labour Confederation

Frjálslindi flokkurinn—see Liberal Party, Iceland

G7/G8

General Central Organization of Liberal Trade Unions

General Confederation of Labour

General Confederation of Labour-‘Force Ouvrière'

General Confederation of Portuguese Workers Intersindical

General Federation of Belgian Workers

General Workers' Union (Portugal)

General Workers' Union (Spain)

Geniki Synomospondia Ergaton Ellados—see Greek General Confederation of Labour

German Trade Union Federation

German unification

Germany

Gibraltar

Il Girasole—see Sunflower Alliance, Italy

Good Friday Agreement

Grasser, Karl Heinz

Greece

Greek General Confederation of Labour

Green League

Green-Left

Green Party (Austria)

Green Party (Ireland)

Green Party (Luxembourg)

Green Party (Portugal)

Green Party (Sweden)

Green Party (Switzerland)

Greenland

The Greens

Grímsson, Ólafur Ragnar

Groenlinks—see Green-Left, Netherlands

Haarde, Gier

Haestirettur—see Supreme Court, Iceland

Halonen, Tarja

Hoge Raad—see Supreme Court, Netherlands

House of Commons

House of Lords

Høyesterett—see Supreme Court, Norway

Iceland

Icelandic Confederation of Labour

Ikea

Immigration

Independence Party

Industriellenvereinigung—see Federation of Austrian Industry

Iraq

Ireland

Irish Business and Employers' Confederation (IBEC)

Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU)

Isle of Man

Italian General Confederation of Labour

Italian Union of Labour

Italy

Jan Mayen

Japan

Juncker, Jean-Claude

Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)

Kalliomäki, Antti Tapani

Kamer/Chambre

Karamanlis, Konstantinos

Keskusta—see Centre Party, Finland

Köhler, Horst

Kokoomus—see National Coalition Party, Finland

Kristdemokraterna—see Christian Democrats, Sweden

Labour Party (Ireland)

Labour Party (Netherlands)

Labour Party (Norway)

Labour Party (Great Britain)

Landsorganisasjonen i Norge—see Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions

Left Alliance

Left Bloc

Left-Green Alliance

Left Party

Lega Nord—see Northern League, Italy

Lëtzebuerger Chrëschtleche Gewerkschaftsbond—see Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions

Liberal Party (Denmark)

Liberal Party (Iceland)

Liberal Party (Sweden)

The Liberals

Liechtenstein

Lijst Pim Fortuyn—see List Pim Fortuyn, Netherlands

Lisbon Strategy

List Pim Fortuyn

Luxembourg

Luxembourg Confederation of Christian Trade Unions

Luxembourg Confederation of Free Trade Unions

Luxembourg Process

Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party

Maastricht Treaty—see Treaty on European Union

Margherita—see Daisy Alliance, Italy

McAleese, Mary

Media

Mezzogiorno

Miljöpartiet de Gröna—see Green Party, Sweden

Moderata Samlingspartiet—see Moderate Party, Sweden

Monaco

Monnet, Jean

Mouvement des Entreprises de France—see Movement for French Enterprise

Multi-Level governance (MLG)

Næringslivets Hovedorganisasjon—see Confederation of Norwegian Business and Industry

National Coalition Party

National Federation of Christian Trade Unions

National Front (Belgium)

National Front (France)

Nationalrat (Austria)

Nationalrat (Switzerland)

National Union of Independent Trade Unions

Nea Demokratia—see New Democracy, Greece

New Democracy

New Flemish Alliance

Nice Treaty—see Treaty of Nice

Norges Bank

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Northern Ireland

Northern League

Norway

Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions

Nuder, Pär

Onofhängege Gewerkschaftsbond Lëtzebuerg—see Luxembourg Confederation of Free Trade Unions

Österreichische Volkspartei—see Austrian People's Party

Panhellenic Socialist Movement

Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus—see Party of Democratic Socialism, Germany

Pedersen, Thor

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Persson, Göran

Perussuomalaiset—see True Finns Party, Finland

Plaid Cymru

Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters

Political Reformed Party

Popular Movement

Popular Party (Portugal)

Popular Party (Spain)

Portugal

Portuguese Industrial Association

Progress Party

Progressive Democrats (PD)

Progressive Party

Radical Free Democratic Party

Radikale Venstre—see Social Liberal Party, Denmark

Rally for the Republic

Rapid Reaction Force (RRF)

Rasmussen, Anders Rogh

Rassemblement pour la République—see Rally for the Republic, France

Regionalism

Republican Left of Catalonia

Reynders, Didier

Rifondazione Comunista—see Communist Refoundation Party, Italy

Riksdag

Russia

Ryanair

Salaried Employees' and Civil Servants' Confederation

Samfylkinginflokkurinn—see Alliance Party, Iceland

Samtök Atvinnulifsins—see Confederation of Icelandic Employers

Sarkozy, Nicolas

Schengen Agreement

Schröder, Gerhard

Schuman, Robert

Schüssel, Wolfgang

Schweizerische Nationalbank

Schweizerische Volkspartei—see Swiss People's Party

Scottish National Party (SNP)

Seanad Éireann

Sedlabanki

Senado

Sénat/Senaat (Belgium)

Sénat (France)

Senato della Repubblica

Senterpartiet—see Centre Party, Norway

Single Currency—see Euro

Single European Market (SEM)

Siniscalco, Domenico

Sinn Féin

Sjálfstædisflokkurinn—see Independence Party, Iceland

Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP)

Social Democratic Party (Portugal)

Social Democratic Party (Sweden)

Social Democratic Party of Austria

Social Democratic Party of Germany

Social Democratic Party of Switzerland

Social Democrats

Socialdemokraterne—see Social Democrats, Denmark

Socialist Party (Belgium)

Socialist Party (France)

Socialist Party (Ireland)

Socialist Party (Netherlands)

Socialist Party (Portugal)

Socialist Party-Spirit

Socialist People's Party

Social-Liberal Party

Sócrates, José

Solana, Javier

Solbes, Pedro

Sosialistisk Venstreparti—see Socialist Left Party, Norway

Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations

Spanish Socialist Party

Special Supreme Tribunal

Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij—see Political Reformed Party, Netherlands

Ständerat

Stephanopoulos, Constantinos

Stortinget

Structural Funds

Sunflower Alliance

Suomen Ammattiliittojen Keskusjärjestö—see Central Organization of Finnish Trade Unions

Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue—see Finnish Social Democratic Party

Supreme Court (Finland)

Supreme Court (Iceland)

Supreme Court (Ireland)

Supreme Court (Netherlands)

Supreme Court (Norway)

Supreme Court (Sweden)

Svalbard

Svenska Folkpartiet—see Swedish People's Party, Finland

Swedish Confederation of Professional Associations

Swedish Confederation of Trade Unions

Swedish People's Party (Finland)

Swiss Business Federation

Swiss People's Party

Swiss Trade Union Confederation

Switzerland

Telecommunications

Terrorism

Thatcher, Margaret

Tjänstemännens Centralorganisation—see Confederation of Professional Employees, Sweden

Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions

Trade Union Congress (TUC)

Treaty of Amsterdam

Treaty of Nice

Treaty of Paris

Treaty of Rome

Treaty on European Union (TEU)

Tribunal Constitucional—see Constitutional Court, Portugal

True Finns Party

Turkey

Tweede Kamer

Ulster Unionist Party (UUP)

Unemployment

União Geral de Trabalhadores—see General Workers' Union, Portugal

Union pour la Démocratie Française—see Union for French Democracy

Unión General de Trabajadores—see General Workers' Union, Spain

Union pour un Mouvement Populaire—see Popular Movement, France

United Left

United Nations (UN)

United States of America (USA)

Unity List-The Red-Greens

Vakcentrale voor Middengroepen en Hoger Personeel—see Federation of Managerial and Professional Staff Unions, Netherlands

Vänsterpartiet—see Left Party, Sweden

Venstre—see Liberal Party, Denmark

Les Verts—see Greens, France

Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten—see Flemish Liberal and Democrat Party, Belgium

Wales

Welfare state

Western European Union (WEU)

Women

World Bank

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Yrkesorganisasjonenes Sentralforbund

Zalm, Gerrit

Zapatero, José Luis Rodríguez