ABSTRACT
Over the last few decades, historians of scientific ecology have brought to light the role of the European scientists who have laid the basic cornerstones of modern ecology between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. The foundations of geobotany were laid by Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859), Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778-1841), Alphonse Jules Dureau de la Malle (1777-1857), Gaston Bonnier (1853-1922) and Charles Flahault (1852-1935); biocenotics, by Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802), Charles Lyell (1797-1875), Pierre-François Verhulst (1804-1849), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Karl Moebius (1825-1908), Charles Valentine-Riley (1843-1895), and François-Alphonse Forel (1841-1912); agrochemistry and microbiology by Justus von Liebig (1803-1873), Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1802-1887), and Stanislas Winogradski (1856-1953); the taxonomy of communities by August Heinrich Grisebach (1813-1879), Anton Kerner von Marilaün (1831-1898), Alphonse de Candolle (1806-1893), and Charles Flahault; and anthropogeography by Karl Ritter (1779-1859), Elisée Reclus (1830-1905), and Friederich Ratzel (1844-1904). Together, they created the conditions that, with Eugenius Warming (1841-1924), gave birth to the autonomous discipline of scientific ecology, thirty years after the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) had christened this new branch of biology.
Up to now, the writings of these scientists have been scattered in various publications that were often not accessible, which made a comparative study almost impossible. There was thus a need to bring together the primary sources in their original form, pagination, and language (whenever possible, a version of the text has been made available in a second language as well). They are gathered here in two volumes, in an analytical framework that aids in understanding their relevant historical context and significance.
To deal with the complex multidisciplinary roots of the history of ecology, Pascal Acot has brought together a group of historians with authoritative knowledge of the field's various sub-branches, without ever losing sight of ecology's relationship to the broader history of biology and the environmental sciences.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
part One|10 pages
Botanical Geography
chapter 1.1|32 pages
Alexander von Humboldt (1807)
chapter 1.2|65 pages
Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1820)
chapter 1.3|16 pages
Dureau de la Malle (1825)
chapter 1.4|18 pages
Gaston Bonnier and Charles Flahault (1878)
part Two|14 pages
The Structuring of Communities
chapter 2.1|5 pages
Erasmus Darwin (1800)
chapter 2.2|18 pages
Charles Lyell (1830)
chapter 2.3|21 pages
Charles Darwin (1859)
chapter 2.4a|17 pages
Karl Moebius (1877)
chapter 2.4b|9 pages
Karl Moebius (1883)
chapter 2.5|10 pages
Pierre-François Verhulst (1838)
chapter 2.6|39 pages
Pierre-François Verhulst (1845)
chapter 2.7|13 pages
Charles Valentine Riley (1893)
chapter 2.8|3 pages
Paul Marchal (1897)
chapter 2.9|8 pages
François-Alphonse Forel (1901)
part Three|13 pages
Agrochemistry and Bacterial Autotrophy
chapter 3.1|13 pages
Justus Liebig (1840)
chapter 3.2|12 pages
Justus Liebig (1876)
chapter 3.3|8 pages
Justus Liebig (1844)
chapter 3.4|51 pages
Jean-Baptiste Boussingault (1838)
chapter 3.5|19 pages
Sergeï Winogradski (1887)
part Four|11 pages
The Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Plant Groups
entry |1 pages
A century of plant geography
entry |2 pages
The physiognomic concept of “plant-formation”
entry |1 pages
The physiognomic-floristic approach of Kerner von Marilaün
entry |2 pages
The physiological groups of Alphonse de Candolle
entry |4 pages
The urgency of a nomenclature for plant groups
chapter 4.1|26 pages
August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach (1838)
chapter 4.2|15 pages
Anton Kerner von Marilaün (1863)
chapter 4.3|20 pages
Alphonse de Candolle (1874)
chapter 4.4|20 pages
Charles Flahault (1900)
part Five|150 pages
The Geography of Human Societies
chapter 5.1b|33 pages
(1836)
chapter 5.2|12 pages
Élisée Reclus (1881)
chapter 5.3|6 pages
Élisée Reclus (1905-1908)
chapter 5.4|10 pages
Élisée Reclus (1869)
chapter 5.5a|26 pages
Friedrich Ratzel (1896-1898)
chapter 5.5b|23 pages
(1894-1895)
part Six|9 pages
The Birth of Scientific Ecology