ABSTRACT

For a perfect functionality of the visual cells, the integrity of the cells/tissues in anterior and posterior segments is of essence. In fact, the tight cellular membranes and barriers that control the transport of ϐluids and solutes within the segments play a key role in ocular homeostasis, maintenance, and diseases. Figure 2.1 shows the ϐluorescein angiograms in a healthy eye — panel (A), a ϐluorescein angiogram with some leakage — panel (B), and a detachment in the retina — panel (C). Nevertheless, intense drug delivery challenges are demanded to circumvent such biological protective barriers and access the target cells/tissue (Macha and Mitra, 2003).