ABSTRACT
Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) systems are constructed at
interfaces between two different materials, where electrons are
confined vertically within thin spaces and their energy levels
are quantized in the vertical direction. Since the energy spacings
become larger than the level broadening and the thermal energy
kBT , the electronic states in the vertical direction is discrete and has a standing-wave form. Therefore, electrons cannot move in that
direction and the transport is limited to two-dimensional layer.
