ABSTRACT
Batteries for future portable and automotive applications must
meet a variety of requirements in order to be acceptable for the
market. Their energy density, the charge-discharge rates, and the
cyclic life must be high, and the systems must be safe and cost-
effective. Moreover, with increase in demand for electrochemical
energy storage, it is necessary to develop systems which are based
on sustainable element compositions. A particular challenge is the
development of batteries for future electric cars [battery electric
vehicles (BEV)] because the energy density has to be very high and
cost is an important factor.
