ABSTRACT
Achieving higher levels of sustainability in industry demands focus across
a range of activities. These include developing new technologies, improving
existing technologies, designing new plants, revamping existing plants, and
improved operation of existing plants. Cleaner production is an important
concept for achieving more sustainable products and processes in these
contexts. Cleaner production emerged as a concept in the late 1980s and
has been incorporated into both environmental legislation and industrial
planning as a key pathway towards more sustainable performance.
