ABSTRACT
Use of nanometer materials in anode for Li-ion batteries on the one hand presents new opportunities for energy density, high rate of charge and discharge, and low cost. On the other hand, the electrochemical agglomeration, surface side reactions, and irreversible trapping by abundant defects are more significant than bulk materials, which decrease expected advantages of nanometer materials. Investigations on size effects revealed in the storage of lithium through tin oxide (SnO2, SnO), alloy (Si, SnSb), conversion (Cr2O3, MnO), and interfacial charging (LiF/Ti) are introduced. Nano/micro core/shell or dispersed composite and surface modification can be used to enhance the stability of nanometer materials.
