ABSTRACT
Among the problems of modern physics two challenges to the semiconductor physics can be emphasized. The irst one is related to the continuous miniaturization of the operational scale of semiconductor devices and the second one to the development of low-cost energy sources. The synthesized nanomaterials are extremely useful in both present and future semiconductor industry. Recently, electronic devices are being made in smaller and smaller sizes and of better performance. According to a report by the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), the worldwide electrical energy consumption will increase from currently 10 terawatts to 30 terawatts by 2050. Semiconductor solar cells are eficient solar energy converters. Solar electricity is a steadily growing energy technology today and solar cells have found markets in variety of applications ranging from consumer electronics and small scale distributed power systems to centralized megawatt scale power plants. The wide range of novel solar energy converters with unique properties are based on the physical ideas on the nanometre scale as well as on the use of novel materials.
