ABSTRACT
Ever since Langer and Vacanti introduced the concept of tissue
engineering [1], it has been a research field of high interest
due to the possibilities it offers in addressing tissue and organ
failure. Current treatments include administration of therapeutics,
reconstructive surgery, organ transplantation and implantation of
mechanical devices [1, 2]. However, these treatments have major
drawbacks such as adverse side effects, donor shortages, transplant
rejection and failure, mechanical failure as well as risks of major
immune responses [1, 2]. In comparison, tissue engineering aims
to address these issues via autologous regeneration or repair, to
restore, maintain or improve tissue function [1]. Amajor component
of tissue engineering research is the study and development of
scaffolds. Scaffolds are constructs that permit tissue regeneration
while providing a suitable environment and mechanical support
[3, 4]. The fundamental aim of tissue engineering involves seeding
patients’ cells that are harvested onto a suitable scaffold, whereby
the tissue ideally regenerates into a functional tissue in vitro or in
vivo (Fig. 5.1) which will then repair or restore the compromised
function.
