ABSTRACT

Quantum mechanics is the bedrock upon which multi-scale models

are built. For decades, it has been a source of parameters for

force-field models, which are vastly less computationally expensive

and hence able to reach much longer length and time scales.

It is also being increasingly used in concert with force-field

methods through mixed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics

(QM/MM) approaches, which have the advantage of accuracy (QM)

in the critical region of interest and efficiency (MM) in the less

important regions.