ABSTRACT
IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) networks have been widely deployed in many
countries. Information about user locations in indoor environments
can be very useful to both businesses and consumers. For example,
in a shopping centre, the owner may want to identify popular areas
or paths that customers often take. With this information, the owner
will be able to optimize the shop and product locations and/or shop
rental fees to maximize profit and improve customer experiences.