III–V Quantum Dots and Quantum Dot Arrays: Synthesis, Optical Properties, Photogenerated Carrier Dynamics, and Applications to Photon Conversion

As is very well known and discussed in this book, semiconductors show dramatic quantization effects when charge carriers (electrons and holes) are confined by potential barriers to small regions of space where the dimensions of the confinement are less than the deBroglie wavelength of the charge carriers or, equivalently, less than twice the Bohr radius of excitons in the bulk material. The length scale at which these effects begin to occur in III-V semiconductors is less than about 25 nm.