ABSTRACT
Bacteria are microscopic single-celled organisms that are all around us. The three basic shapes of bacteria are spherical, rod shaped, and spiral. Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse life forms on the earth. A bacterium belongs to the prokaryote group, which means they are unicellular organism without nucleus. Fundamentals of morphology, molecular chemistry, and surface physiochemical are important considerations while detecting bacterial species. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown great promise in many fields. MNPs are nanoparticles which can be manipulated by using magnetic field gradients. MNPs possess certain remarkable physicochemical properties such as superparamagnetic behavior, the ability to become heated under alternating magnetic field, high surface/volume ratio, and versatility in synthesis. Antibody-conjugated MNPs can selectively capture target bacteria from the given biological sample. MNPs gained much interest due to their ability to be manipulated upon application of a magnetic field. Biomolecules such as carbohydrate, protein, and nucleic acid are used for enrichment of MNPs.
