ABSTRACT
The production of nanostructured carbon materials by hydrothermal processes from natural precursors is one of the most attractive subjects in material science today. Carbon materials prepared from hydrothermal process are currently being used in various fields of research including environmental, electrical, chemical, and biomedical fields. In environmental application, carbon is mainly used as a sorbent material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water and waste water. Synthetic diamonds are produced in an artificial process, which involves very high temperature and pressure known as high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamonds. Hydrothermal carbonization is an effective method and has been extensively studied for the synthesis of carbonaceous material from different organic sources, especially from biomass. Conversion of biomass and waste materials into alternative energy sources opens new potentials for future research.
