ABSTRACT
Anaphylaxis and angioedema are life-threatening dermatological emergencies that require immediate attention. Anaphylaxis is a severe form of systemic allergic reaction characterized by urticaria, angioedema, dyspnea, abdominal pain, and hypotension, which develop immediately upon exposure to the allergen. Angioedema is a comparatively milder and self-limiting form of allergic reaction that may occur in isolation or as a component of anaphylaxis. It is characterized by localized subcutaneous (or submucosal) swelling, resulting from extravasation of fluid into interstitial tissues. In all cases of anaphylaxis and angioedema, securing the airway is the top priority. Other measures of anaphylaxis include intramuscular epinephrine, IV corticosteroids, antihistamine, and IV fluids. Management of angioedema chiefly depends on the types of mediators involved, as mast-cell-mediated angioedema responds well to corticosteroids and antihistamines, whereas bradykinin-mediated angioedema icatibant and human and recombinant C1 INH concentrates are needed. It is important to identify the triggers and risk factors of anaphylaxis and angioedema to prevent subsequent attacks and anaphylactic episodes.
