ABSTRACT
Understanding trace elements interactions in the soil-water environment is essential in assessing their bioavailability and potential toxicity. Trace elements include several heavy metals such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), among others. Several heavy metals such as Zn and Cu are essential micronutrients required in the growth of both plants and animals. Micronutrients are often applied in the form of fertilizers or as supplement in animal feed. Heavy metals are extensively used as fungicides and as bactericides in numerous pharmaceuticals.
