ABSTRACT
Industrial society and modern agriculture were founded on fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas). The world will make a gradual shift throughout the twenty-rst century from burning fuels to technologies that harness clean energy sources such as sun and wind. As energy demand increases as developing countries modernize and fossil fuel supply constricts, increased fuel prices will force alternatives to be introduced. The cost of technologically driven approaches for clean energy will continue to fall and become more competitive. Eventually, clean energy technologies will be the inexpensive solution. As the full effect and impact of environmental externalities such as global warming become apparent, society will demand cleaner energy technologies and policies that favor development of a clean-energy industrial base. By the end of the twenty-rst century, clean-energy sources will dominate the landscape. This will not be an easy or cheap transition for society, but it is necessary and inevitable.
