ABSTRACT
HYDROLASES 236 4.1. Peptide Bonds 236
4.1.1. Carboxypeptidases 236 4.1.2. Aminopeptidases 236 4.1.3. p21ras 238
4.2. Phosphatases 238 4.2.1. Inositol Monophosphatase 239 4.2.2. Fructose-1,6 -bisphosphatase 240
4.3. Esterases 240 4.3.1. Nucleases 240 4.3.2. Endonucleases 241 4.3.3. Exonucleases 241
4.4. Integrases 241 4.5. Arginase and Related Enzymes 242
LYASES 242 5.1. Carboxykinases and Dehydratases 242
5.1.1. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase 242 5.1.2. Enolase 243 5.1.3. D-Glucarate Dehydratase 244
5.2. Cyclases 244
ISOMERASES 245 6 .1. Keto-aldo Isomerases 245
6.1.1. L-Fucose Isomerase 245 6 .2 . Cycloisomerases 246
6 .2 .1. Enolase Superfamily of Enzymes 246 6.2.2. Mandelate Racemase 247
6.2.3. Muconate Lactonizing Enzyme 247 6.2.4. Chloromuconate-Lactonizing Enzyme 248 6.2.5. Comparison of MLE, MR, CMLE, D-Glucarate
Dehydratase, and Enolase 249
7. LIGASES 249 7.1. Glutamine Synthetase 249 7.2. Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 251 7.3. Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases 252
8 . PROTEINS CONTAINING BOUND MANGANESE 253 8.1. Lectins 253 8 .2 . Integrins 253 8.3. Diphtheria Toxin Repressor 254 8.4. Fur Repressor Protein 255 8.5. PsaA 255
9. CONCLUSIONS 255
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 256
ABBREVIATIONS 256
REFERENCES 257
This chapter provides an overview of manganese-containing and manganese-dependent proteins and enzymes with an emphasis on mol ecules in which the metal ion binding site is well characterized. If the protein or enzyme is considered in other chapters of this volume then only a brief mention will be made of the molecule in this chapter. Where possible, references are selected from the literature since 1990. Books and review articles which cover the earlier literature are available [110]. Because of space limitations we have cited only a limited number of references. We wish to acknowledge the important contributions of other investigators whose work we have not cited. References to their work can be found in the cited publications.
