ABSTRACT
U. Rashid Sumaila identified a number of reasons why oceans and fisheries governance is challenging. A key challenge is illegal, unregulated, unreported (IUU) fishing that occurs in the high seas because this part of the global ocean is, in contrast to the coastal zones, relatively poorly regulated. The high seas are the areas beyond national jurisdiction, offshore from the productive shelf areas, where most fisheries are operating. The challenge stems from recent technological progress, which many have argued has been instrumental for the global expansion of fishing towards the high seas. Coastal states can declare an exclusive economic zone out to 200 nautical miles, within which they have exclusive right to regulate their fisheries. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, or Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, was established following the agreement of the Convention of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, in 1983.
