ABSTRACT
Grammar has achieved a vertiginous depth of complexity as both a word and term. The authors mention, of course, Hartwell’s (1985) extensive discussion of at least five of its senses at that time, to which Martha Kolln forcefully added what she argued was a distinct notion, triggering a documented debate, and contributing to the ongoing challenge of weaving notions of grammar into writing instruction. In linguistics, the term, grammar refers to the knowledge of I-language that any given speaker internalizes. The discussion of Creole languages, and particularly the work of such linguists as Michel DeGraff is important in the context of our work with the terms languaging and translanguaging for a number of reasons. Like the language-contact situations that Li and others argue motivate these terms, Creole formation has significant sociohistorical and political dimensions.
