ABSTRACT
After nearly two decades of governance by the same ruling party, Turkish democracy suffers multiple threats – economic instability, political abuses, geopolitical uncertainty, and polarization between social and religious actors. One of the largest MENA economies and countries, Turkey struggles to navigate a delicate pathway between upholding the legacies of its Kemalist state, tolerating maximal pluralism in a diverse society, and maintaining the democratic balance in between its elections.
