ABSTRACT
This chapter provides a quick primer of what the different parts of the brain are, how these work together and the factors that influence the way the brain develops, and consequently how behaviour emerges. The most important brain cell type for cognition and learning is neurons. Although there are various types of neurons, their structure is relatively similar. The cell body contains the nucleus and is surrounded by branches called dendrites. White matter contains axons covered in myelin and some glial cells; grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies and glial cells. Grey matter is also called the cortex and is the folded surface of the brain. White matter contains axons covered in myelin and some glial cells; grey matter contains neuronal cell bodies and glial cells. While the folds of the cortex are unique in each individual, major folds and subdivisions of the brain are broadly consistent across humans.
