ABSTRACT
Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) are a set of activities that occur during post-conflict stabilization periods. DDR is associated with security sector reform (SSF), a concept that entails the establishment of good governance, development, the rule of law, and the local ownership of security actors (Global Facilitation Network for Security Sector Reform 2008). DDR creates an “enabling environment for political and peace processes by dealing with security problems that arise when ex-combatants are trying to adjust to normal life during the vital transition period from conflict to peace and development” (United Nations Peacekeeping Department 2004). Overseen by the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), the Afghanistan New Beginnings Programme (ANBP) was a three-year DDR program that lasted from April 2003 to June 2005. Its goal was to reintroduce former combatants into civil society (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 2004)—although the term “civil society” remains undefined in ANBP documents.
