ABSTRACT
This chapter begins reviewing the most commonly understood form of population displacement – conflict. This may take many forms – a more traditional war between nations, a secessionist movement within a state, the oppression of a particular minority group or identity, or another form – and remains the most widely recognized driver of forced migration. It describes that development-induced displacement, which, like conflict, has been creating conditions of forced migration for generations and yet receives far less attention – and its victims receive little to no protection or recognition under international law. The chapter looks specifically at hydroelectric projects and petroleum extraction as representative cases. It considers an emerging and potential form – that of 'environmentally-induced' displacements, which may include conservation, resource extraction, or climate change among their causes.
