ABSTRACT
This chapter aims to surveys the diverse eras and practices of transportation, communication, energy, and water and waste infrastructure planning around the world since the 19th century, illuminates how planning has shaped the social and environmental dimensions of cities and regions. In the 19th century, railroads, telegraphs, coal, gas, and new water and sewer systems constituted a distinctly industrial infrastructure that remade urban geography and society. The chapter considers key contributions and challenges that studying infrastructure presents for interpreting the broader history of city and regional planning. It focuses on planners' involvement in shaping what many term critical infrastructure or lifelines: the hard and soft infrastructure of transportation, communication, energy, and water and waste, especially in and between cities. At a smaller scale, environmental planners have promoted "green infrastructure" of open spaces and vegetated roofs to manage stormwater; such systems limit threats to the built environment and public health.
