ABSTRACT
Thermal processes such as incineration, pyrolysis and gasification decompose waste into submaterials such as gases, liquids and ashes. These processes are also called “energy production or recovery processes”, such as heat, steam and electricity. There are various techniques in controlling the quantity of oxygen entry into the reactor and output product types. For example, pyrolysis occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces gas, oil and char, while gasification uses a limited supply of oxygen with less than stoichiometric reactions and produces gas and tar. Incineration process, on the other hand, is complete oxidation with excess oxygen supply, producing flue gas, heat and ash.
