ABSTRACT
This chapter explains the key principles in the management of complex pediatric colorectal diagnoses. It provides case-based presentations, radiographic images, operative images with multiple choice questions to test knowledge. The chapter presents a case study of a 6-year-old male with a long-standing history of functional (idiopathic) constipation who is referred by the gastroenterologist who believes he needs surgical intervention. The patient has tried multiple medical regimens without success, including: Miralax (stool softener) 1 capful, Bisacodyl 5 mg in the morning and Fleet enemas as needed. The mother reports that the child has an awareness of needing to stool, but occasionally gets "backed up" and does experience smearing several times a week. He passes formed stools two to three times per week.
