ABSTRACT
Nominally identical systems as they actually materialize in practice off a production line exhibit random variations around a mean value, e.g., the gap between two ill-fitting panels is small and its value is a random variable. This can have a profound effect on EMC behavior as it would affect the shielding effectiveness in disproportionate ways. How can we account for this while avoiding overdesign as an expedient to mask our poor understanding of the issues involved?
