ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with urological cancer, focusing on renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and penis cancer. It discusses aspects of epidemiology, aetiology, pathology, symptoms and sings, diagnosis and investigations, various types of therapies and treatments, and complications of the five types of cancers. For renal cell carcinoma, radical nephrectomy in which the perirenal fat, perirenal fascia, adrenal gland and regional nodes are removed en bloc is the operation of choice with superior local control rates to simple nephrectomy. In testicular cancer, all patients will proceed to inguinal orchidectomy with removal of the affected testis. Scrotal interference should be avoided at all costs because of the risk of tumour implantation in the scrotal wound and subsequent relapse.
