ABSTRACT
I. Cell activation............................................................................................ 116 II. Staining ....................................................................................................... 117
References............................................................................................................. 118
Because of the central involvement of cytokines in the regulation of practically all immunological and inflammatory processes, assays for the detection and quantitation of cytokines have been extensively used, both for basic and clinical research purposes. Initially, cytokines were assayed in culture supernatants or biological fluids based on their biologic activity using
in vitro
target cell lines (bioassays).
