ABSTRACT

Spatial or area repellents create a three-dimensional zone from which biting arthropods are repelled or within which they fail to bite. The potential advantages of spatial repellents include protection of several people with a single product, ease of use without the need to make applications to the skin, and a continuous level of protection. People have probably used smoke as a spatial repellent for tens of thousands of years and historical records have shown the use of particular plants since ancient times. The subject of this chapter includes the various systems for dispersing chemical spatial repellents. Physical systems can be as simple as fans or screened enclosures, or as complicated as radio-frequency generators, but these are not discussed here.