ABSTRACT
Determining the logical correctness of an inductive or deductive argument is central to problem solving. Inductive and deductive logic comprise the standards and techniques for evaluating both types of arguments. Inductive logic allows us to make inferences about the likelihood of a conclusion based on accumulated evidence. On the other hand, deductive logic allows us to analyze the internal consistency of an argument. A set representation is used to abstract the essential features of a deductive argument and a Venn diagram provides a visual method of determining the validity or invalidity of such arguments. Tables can also assist in solving certain deductive puzzles. Other arguments can be rejected quickly and without the aid of such representations because they are based on fallacious reasoning and designed only to persuade, not justify. When errors are more subtle and arguments are more complex, evaluation becomes more difficult and, as we will see in subsequent chapters, more detailed representations and techniques are required to judge the validity of arguments.
