ABSTRACT
The history of the “Pan-Islamic Movement” is connected with the career of the Sultan Abdu 1-Hamid who became to a great extent its patron, and seems to have regarded it as a bulwark against nationalism and western influences generally. To expectation the responsible officials of the French Government have given no encouragement, though private deputies have more than once indulged in speeches which have tended to raise nationalist hopes. At his accession Turkey was on the verge of war with Russia, and the parliamentary government and liberal ministry which was then in power and striving to westernize Turkey was unable to prevent the war which ended disastrously for the Turks. The new government began to be dominated by the adherents of the pan-Turkish theory, and aimed at welding all the diverse elements into a Turkish whole. The government found that its efforts to force the whole subject population into an Othmanli mould had contributed much to making this war possible.
