ABSTRACT
The last two divisions are considered together because both support the third implicit claim: that the research makes an important contribution to the field. In IMRD the testing methods are usually in the Methods division, with the data and interpretations (evidence and reasoning) split between the Results and Discussion, respectively. In the Testing division of IPTC the testing methods, data patterns, comparisons, and interpretations for one test are frequently found in a single paragraph, with the following paragraph describing the same four components for the next test. In science research articles, the focus on explanation of data leads to an emphasis on two components, data patterns and interpretation, whereas in engineering the focus on finding a better solution leads to a greater emphasis on comparison with either the previous best solution or an ideal. The purpose and structure of the Conclusion also differ in the two formats, with science often focusing on a summary of the research and engineering on its contribution.
