ABSTRACT
Freud’s self-willed, obstinate, and potentially atheist Judaism is fully expressed in his next-to-last book. It is one of his two testaments. In An Outline of Psycho-Analysis (1940a) he treats the essence of psychoanalysis once more, and in Moses and Monotheism (1939) he gives his view of the origin of the Jewish people. The title and the phrase from it in the original German (The Man Moses and the Monotheistic Religion) refer majestically and proudly to his leadership and are also a direct quote from the Bible (Exodus 11: 3 and 32. Freud was 83 years old when the book was completed and had suffered from cancer of the jaw for 17 years. In addition, attacks of angina accompanied his old age. He started his first draft of the book in 1933/34, a year after the Nazi takeover. It was also the year that his former friend Jung fired off one of his many anti-Semitic arrows at psychoanalysis. I quote Clark:
