ABSTRACT
Simone de Beauvoir was born in Paris to a bourgeois family. Much of her early life was spent in rebellion against the constraints of bourgeois manners. The category of Other is as original as consciousness itself. Aimé Césaire was born in Martinique, where he attended school. He then studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris before returning to Martinique. Throughout his life, Césaire has been active in political life and government in Martinique. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968) was born in Atlanta, Georgia. His father, the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr., was pastor of one of the two most prestigious black churches in that city. King, Jr., studied theology at the Crozer Theological School in Chester, Pennsylvania, then at Boston University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1955. Gandhi was probably the first person in history to lift the love ethic of Jesus above mere interaction between individuals to a powerful and effective social force on a large scale.
