ABSTRACT
This chapter explores some of the developments in the twentieth century that promoted, preserved, and enhanced the racial ideology of the nineteenth century. It briefly examines social, political, and economic developments, particularly those that heavily impacted the low-status races. The chapter then looks at the way science evolved in a manner that perfectly paralleled the collective consciousness about matters of race. Anthropometric measurements gave way to intelligence testing, which was to become the most powerful tool of the advocates of innate race differences. The chapter then briefs the eugenics movement and its promotion of hereditarian values. It examines the rise of Nazi Germany and the manifestation of extreme race ideology in Europe. The chapter ends with a brief exploration of continuing modern attempts by some scientists to promote and prove the racial superiority of whites and the inferiority of blacks.
