ABSTRACT
Changes in the industrial economies of western Europe and the United States were not as decisive as those surrounding the advent of industrialization in Russia and Japan between the 1880s and the 1950s. Nevertheless, several important innovations transformed the Western industrial scene between 1880 and 1950. Two crucial developments in the industrial West overshadowed the geographic refinements. First, more powerful technologies and production organizations spurred industrial output. Second, a large service sector began to emerge. The extension of the industrial economy in the West, plus some of the specific changes that took shape after the 1880s, linked industrialization to a variety of other developments. During this period the implications of the industrial revolution for war were fully realized. The aftermath of the West’s initial industrial revolution had revolutionary qualities of its own. Some basic early industrial trends were reversed, as in the expansion of leisure time and activities.
