ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses fluoroscopic anatomy and patient positions for gallbladder, terminal ileum, and knee arthrography. It describes the three methods for fluoroscopic localization techniques. The fluoroscopic localization techniques are parallax method, right-angle method, and radiopaque method. Fluoroscopic spot films may be made of any segment of the small bowel as the loops become opacified. Fluoroscopic views are recorded by a spot-film camera or screen/film spot-film device of each anterior projection and 20° right and left oblique projections. After locating the foreign body, the fluoroscopist closes the diaphragm shutters down to the size of the object to direct the central ray through its center. The radiopaque method requires the use of contrast media to coat the object or localize the site of an obstruction, opaque foreign body, and/or calculus. Fluoroscopic viewing and recording of the ileocecal valve are performed by administering a barium sulfate preparation.
