ABSTRACT
According to Michael Woodley, there are four major definitions of race in the scientific literature: essentialism, taxonomic, population, and lineage. Michael Woodley claims that species possesses high levels of morphological diversity compared with many other species acknowledged to be polytypic with respect to subspecies. Behavioral analysis is at the very heart of evolutionary processes because behavior is evoked in response to environmental challenges, and natural selection passes judgment on behavior that has fitness consequences. Selection for adaptive behavioral traits is almost certainly more rapid than for physical traits because organisms play an active part in the selection of their behavior. Behavioral and personality traits were also used by early taxonomists to define race. The usual procedure was to note a person's race and then to correlate it with his or her traits and behaviors. Whiteness studies are part of the deconstruction of race movement and characterized by David Horowitz as smacking of self-hatred.
