ABSTRACT
This chapter presents information or guidance regarding urology/renal medicine for use by medical, scientific or health-care professionals. Haematuria can be frank or microscopic. The causes of these are generally quite different. Frank haematuria is more likely due to a lower urinary tract lesion, whereas microscopic haematuria is suggestive of glomerular disease. Microscopic haematuria is relatively more common and should only be considered pathological when recurring or associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Polyuria is defined objectively as the production of more than 3 litres of urine in 24 hours, although in practice finding out the exact volume of urine they are passing from the history is often not possible – It may be necessary to get a voiding diary detailing frequency and volumes of urination. In a young woman the gynaecological history may not be as important as it is in elderly patients, and it may not be appropriate to ask about menopause in such patients.
