ABSTRACT
From 1627–29 the Danish-Lower Saxon war ended in failure, and in its wake victorious Imperial and League armies perpetrated a new series of retributions and dispossessions that posed new problems for the Holy Roman Empire. The King of Sweden, who have joined the alliance, continued to campaign in Prussia against the King of Poland from May 1626 till September 1629. The problems between the Emperor, the electors, the estates, and the League grew still worse after the electoral diet in Regensburg in the summer of 1630, despite hopes to the contrary. Until 1632 Maximilian had been protected by the treaty of Bärwalde, but then Tilly, who had withdrawn his shattered army to Bavaria, had attacked Swedish troops at Bamberg on 28 February, and thereby violated the terms of the non-aggression pact. On 13 March Frederick heard that Tilly had attacked and defeated some Swedish troops. In opposition to Frederick's accusations, Ferdinand naturally did not see himself as an ambitio.
